Sunday, 6 April 2014

Posted by Unknown On 20:28
                                                       UNIT-I
Introduction to c++: Object- Oriented features of C++. Comparison of c with c++, Class and
Objects, inline Functions, Static data  members and member functions, Read-Only objects,
Pointers, Dyamic memory allocation and deallocation, constructors and destructors, Dynamic Objects,
array of pointer to objects, local and global class, nested and empty class,
preprocessor directives, namespace.
Console I/O: Hierarchy of console stream classes, un formatted and formatted I/O operations,
Manipulators.
                                                    Unit -II

Operator Overloading: Overloadable operators,Overloading unary and binary arithmetics and relation operators,
Overloading Subscript,array,insertion,extraction,new and delete operators.
Friend Function and Type Conversion: Friend Function,Function Overloading, overloading operators through friend Function,
Basic Types  conversion, conversion between Objects and Basic Types,Conversion between Objects diffrence classes.
                                                   UNIT-III
Inheritance: Derivation Rules, Different forms of inheritance, Roles of constructors and destructors inheritance.
Virtual Function: Virtual functions and their needs, Pure virtual Function, Virtual destructor, virtual derivation,
abstract class.

                                                   UNIT-4
Generic Programming & Exception Handling: Templates Functions, Template  Class,\
Excepation handling features of c++.
File Handling: Hierarchy of File stream classes, Opening and closing files, File modes, testing for errors, File pointer and their manipulations,
ASCII & Binary files, Sequential and Random access files..

Posted by Unknown On 20:24
                                             UNIT-I
Computer Arithmetic: Floating point numbers - Operations, normalization and their Consequences.
Iterative Methods: Zeros of a single transeendental equation and zeros of polynomial using bisection, false position, Newton-Raphson, convergence of solution.
                              
                                           UNIT-II
Simultaneous Linear Equation, Solution of simultaneous Linear equation ,Gauss elimiantion method and pivoting , ILL- coonditioned equations and refinement of solutions Gauss Siedel Iterative Methods.
Numerical differentation & integration , solutions of differential equation: Runga-Kutta method,

Predictor corrector methods. Automatics error monitoring, stabilityof solution.

                                         UNIT-III

Interpolation and Approximation: Polynomial interpolation- Newton Langranges, difference tables,
Approximation of function by Taylor series and chebyshev polynomials.
Statistical Computation: Frequency Charts , different Frequency charts.

                              UNIT-4

Regression Analysis: Least square fit, polynomial and curve fittings, Linear regression and Nonlinear regression algo; introduction to Multiple regression. Time Series
Posted by Unknown On 08:33
                                                         UNIT-I
Basic Accounting- Nature , Scope and Objectives of accounting;  Accounting as an information system, Users of accounting information ,Accounting: Principles, concepts And conventions, Double entry system of accounting, Accounting Equation, Traditional and Modern rules of Accounting, Branches of Accounting; their interrelationships and difference.
                                                       
                                                          UNIT-II
Journal, Ledger & Trial Balance,Preparation of Final Accounts: Trading, Profit and loss accounts and Balance Sheet( with simple adjustment entries), introduction to manufacturing account.

                                                          UNIT-III
Financial ManagementL: Meaning, Role & Scope, Ratio Analysis: Meaning, advantages, limitation, types  of ratios and their usefulness,Fund Flow Statement: Meaning of the terms-- fund flow and fund preparation and interpretation of the fund flow statement, Cash Flow Statement.

                                                      UNIT-4
Working Capital Management, Inventory Management, Cost Accounting: Introduction,
Types of Costs , Break Even Analysis, ABC Costing,Kaizen Costing, Life Cycle Costing,
Target Costing, Budgetary Control: Meaning , Classification,  Types of Budgets, Zero Based Budgeting (fundamentals Only)

Posted by Unknown On 08:13

Posted by Unknown On 08:05
Definition:
A brief summary of a book, articlespeech, or other text. Plural:prĂ©cis.
The basic characteristics of an effective prĂ©cis are conciseness,clarity, completeness, unity, and coherence.
Posted by Unknown On 07:50
How to File Advertisements/Unsolicited Written Communications Under New Rule 7.7

1. When to File All required filings must be submitted to the LSBA RPCC, through LSBA Ethics Counsel, for evaluation prior to or
concurrently with the first dissemination of the advertisement or unsolicited written communication. Rules 7.7(b) and 7.7(c).
Under Rule 7.7(b), any lawyer may obtain a written advisory opinion concerning the compliance of a contemplated advertisement
or unsolicited written communication by submitting to the Committee the material and fee specified below at least thirty (30) days
prior to the first dissemination of the advertisement or unsolicited written communication. If the Committee finds that the
advertisement or unsolicited written communication complies with these Rules, the lawyer’s voluntary submission in compliance
with Rule 7.7(b) shall be deemed to satisfy the regular filing requirement set forth in Rule 7.7(c).

2. Contents of Filing A filing with the RPCC/LSBA Ethics Counsel (Rule 7.7(d)) shall consist of:

a. a copy of the advertisement or communication in the form or forms in which it
is to be disseminated and is readily-capable of duplication by the Committee, e.g., videotapes, audiotapes, print media,
photographs of outdoor advertising, etc.;

Example regarding Television and Radio Advertisements: Lawyer wants to develop a television advertisement and first
develops “storyboards” and a script for the advertisement. The Committee will accept “storyboards” and a script in
satisfaction of the requirement of a copy of the advertisement, as noted in Rule 7.7(d)(1), in connection with a filing
under Rule 7.7(b) [the advance written advisory opinion option]. Assuming that the “storyboards” and script filed with
the Committee are found to comply with the Rules, the Committee will issue a written advisory opinion regarding the
compliance of the anticipated advertisement on the condition that the final advertisement does not vary in substance
from the “storyboards” and script that were filed with the Committee. After production of the advertisement, a copy of
the advertisement in its final form must be submitted to the Committee prior to or concurrent with its first
dissemination in order to fulfill the filing requirement of Rule 7.7(d). If the advertisement as filed in its final form does
not vary in substance from the “storyboards” and script already filed with the Committee, the lawyer shall be deemed to
have satisfied the filing requirements of Rules 7.7(b) and the Committee’s written advisory opinion shall have the
evidentiary effects as indicated in Rule 7.7(h).

b. a typewritten transcript of the advertisement or communication, if any portion of the advertisement or
communication is on videotape, audiotape, electronic/digital media or otherwise not embodied in written/printed form;

c. a printed copy of all text used in the advertisement;

d. an accurate English translation, if the advertisement or communication appears or is audible in a language other than
English;

e. a sample envelope in which the written communication will be enclosed, if the communication is to be mailed;

f. a statement listing all media in which the advertisement or communication will
appear, the anticipated frequency of use of the advertisement or communication in
each medium in which it will appear, and the anticipated time period during
which the advertisement or communication will be used;

g. fees paid to the Louisiana State Bar Association at the time of filing under Rule 7.7(b) or Rule 7.7(c), in an amount
set by the Supreme Court of Louisiana (Rule 7.7(d)(7)):

A) $175.00 for submissions filed prior to or concurrently with the lawyer’s first dissemination of the
advertisement or unsolicited written communication; or

B) $275.00 for submissions not filed until after the lawyer’s first dissemination of the advertisement or
unsolicited written communication;

h. any additional information requested by the RPCC/LSBA Ethics Counsel. Rule 7.7(f).



.
FILING FORMS

 To aid in the filing process, the RPCC/Ethics Counsel has designed:

 “Filing Application Form” (for use with ALL new filings); and

 “Filing Application Addendum” (for use with unsolicited written communications)

Use of these standardized forms is strongly encouraged and will greatly simplify submission of your filing.

Posted by Unknown On 07:48
If you proceed now by using my name and private property, the following steps fill ensue. The next day or soon after your unlawful action against the secured party, a notice of written communication will be forwarded to you. This written communication gives you an opportunity to opt-out of any contractual obligation associated with the unauthorized use of my common law copyrighted property.
By signing and returning this written communication within 5 days after you receive such communication, you will avoid the penalties which are detailed in my copy write notice. When signing and returning the written communication you will be admitting the use of my name and private property without my permission. You will also return all original documents wherein my name and my property were used without my permission, along with any and all copies of same.
If after the 5 days you do not comply with my written notice, an invoice will be given to you for compensation regarding your illegal use of my name and private property. For each infringement with the unauthorized use of my name and private property by you, the copyright notice provides for a user fee of $1,500,000 United States Dollar penalty for each breach. If after 5 days you do not comply with my written notice, by such inaction you default automatically and enter into a binding contract with the writer who is the secured party, whereby you must under law comply with all terms of the copy write notice.
Invoice Stage
If you the offender have not complied with my written notice to you within 5 days, an invoice will then be given to you for an amount based on the number of times you have used my name and my property without permission. For example, use of my name and property once; the invoice will be for $500,000 X triple damages, which equals $1.5 million United States Dollars. Use my name and property three times the invoice will be for $1,500,000 X triple damages which equals $4.5 million United States Dollars
Breach and Default
If you the offender have not paid the invoice by the fourteenth day, you the offender will be in breach and default of my copyright. Thereafter an administrator may be appointed to oversee the liquidation of your assets as are necessary to settle the claim under the contract contained in my copy right notice.
Insufficient Funds
If after your personal assets are liquidated and there remains a shortfall to pay the full amount on my invoice, my copyright provides that you will pay the balance to me until you the debtor has discharged the penalty as stated in the invoice. Therefore, various instruments will be used to recover the total of the invoice, such as but not limited to, garnishees.
Once all invoiced funds are collected, you the debtor and offender will be released from your obligation to me under the contract.
Offender Signature
Name
Date:
Your Autograph:
Name:
Date:
Posted by Unknown On 07:45
  • 1. Memos &How to Write Them ENG 112 Prof. Holly Johnson
  • 2. The word “memo” is short for memorandumA memo is: a short written communication that isoften used in the workplace to provide information orask for some form of action to take place.
  • 3. In its simplest form, a memo can look like a post-it,an email, or a secretary’s note saying that someonecalled and needs to be called back.
  • 4. You may, however, be asked to write longer and morecomplex memos in the workplace, so it’s important toknow how they should look and what to put in them.
  • 5. Key Points: As with all technical documents, you must firstconsider your audience. A memo generally goes to many people in aworkplace; like any office document it should not readlike a personal correspondence. The purpose of a memo is to get a desired result, sothe most important element of a memo is clarity.
  • 6. Parts of a Memo:1. Heading: DATE: (complete and current date) TO: (readers names and job titles) FROM: (your name and job title) SUBJECT: (what the memo is about)2. Opening - state purpose of memo, give the facts.3. Summary - Explain the situation in more detail if needed.4. Discussion - Any other info you need to present? Now’s your chance.5. Closing - Make a courteous closing statement. Do NOT use “sincerely” or other letter-like ending.6. Necessary attachments - include any as needed
  • 7. Sample Memo Date: March 18th, 2007 Heading To: Liberal Arts Division Faculty From: Maintenance Dept. Re: New Bookshelves _________________ As many of you know, the current office Opening bookshelves do not accommodate text books of a standard height. To correct this problem, all faculty offices will be furnished with new shelves on March 23rd, 2007 between 9:00am and 4:00pm. Summary We apologize for any noise or disruption this installation will cause. Faculty may schedule office hours in alternate locations as needed. Discussion Call Mike Dill at ext. 3397 if you have questions. Conclusion Thank you for your compliance.
  • 8. Sample Memo 2 Heading Date: March 18th, 2007 To: Amnesty International Members From: Amnesty International Re: Human Rights Day - April 13th _________________ Opening April 13th is human rights day. Com help us support the liberation of oppressed people everywhere. An all -day event! Join your local Amnesty chapter to raise awareness on college campuses nation-wide. Summary Pass out flyers on ways ordinary citizens can help. Write letters to elected officials . Spend time with friends. Share food and fun for a good cause. No one is free when a single innocent soul is Conclusion caged.
  • 9. Reminders: Be specific and precise Start by stating exactly what it is you want Keep memos short (under one page) Use a business-like tone Use bulleted lists when needed if it helps make theinformation you’re presenting clearer Stick to the 
Posted by Unknown On 07:41
                                          Communication Skills

                            UNIT -1 

Reading Skills: Comparehension of short unseen passege
Listenting  Skills: summary writing of an audio video clip
Spoken Skills: introducing one selfs, Extempore ,Fundamentals of Public Speaking , Group discussion , ppt presentation
interveiw skill,and Role Play.
                                                        UNIT-2
Written Communication-1
business letters , cover letters ,application , Memos,  notices, Advertisements ,E-Mail; Writing Reports(Events reports, enquriry reports , action taken reports) ; curriculum vitae; preparing Agenda and Minutes of the Meeting

                                                      UNIT-3
Written communication-2:
Precis writing 
writing a research paper (basics of  research writing including Bibliography,end Notes and  footnotes), Proposal of research project(statement of purpose, justification, Review of  Literature,Critical Methodology To Be Adopted, Chapterization)

                                                      UNIT-4
Vocabulary:
One Word Substitution;
words misspelts;
words often confused Common errors in usage of English language
Synonyms and Antonyms;
Common abbreviations








 
            

Posted by Unknown On 07:10
Communication skills are essential to nearly every line of work. A job application that poses queries about abilities in this key area is seeking information about how you present yourself and interact with others. Be precise and succinct in the way you answer these questions, as your response is the employer’s first indication of your written communication skills.
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Verbal

Verbal communication refers to the way you exchange information with others through talking, either in person, through video conferencing or by phone. Stress your ability to be concise, articulate and to adapt your communication style to your specific audience. Use phrases like, “Ability to convey ideas and messages,” or, “Proficient at delivering oral presentations.” If you are multilingual, include this information on your job application and include a list of different languages you speak.

Written

Written communication refers to any type of interaction you have with colleagues, managers and customers in written form. This includes written reports, electronic communication, memos and presentations. Stress your ability to develop well-written, easy-to-understand materials. Say something like, “Skilled in conveying information in a professional manner.” Emphasize your attention to detail and highlight your skills in areas related to the position you're seeking. For example, if you're applying for a customer service job that includes regular correspondence, describe your experience writing professional business letters.

Interpersonal

Interpersonal communication refers to how you communicate and interact on a personal and professional level -- in other words, how well you’re able to articulate yourself when collaborating with colleagues, superiors or clients. Describe your interpersonal communication skills by outlining your ability to listen, ask engaging questions, craft thoughtful and intelligent responses, and respect others by not interrupting them. For example, “Ability to interact well with a variety of personality types.”

Professional

Electronic communication mediums make the exchange of information nearly instantaneous. Business communication has become abbreviated in many cases -- for example, favoring email letters over formal business letters. Professionalism, however, remains a sought-after trait. On your job application, describe your timely attention to messages. Emphasize your ability to maintain professionalism in all levels of communication, regardless of how informal the mediums are. “I pride myself on responding to customer inquiries within a day’s time.”
Posted by Unknown On 07:06
What’s the point of a cover letter?
 To customize your background for a specific job. It guides the reader by summarizing the skills
and experiences relevant to a particular opportunity.
 To demonstrate your research, writing, and analytical skills. It allows you to communicate
your knowledge of the employer, industry, and career field.
 To convey your motivation and professionalism. It reflects your personality, enthusiasm, and
interest.

Do letters need to be customized?
Yes. Effective cover letters are marketing tools for your job or internship search. Since marketing is
about understanding and meeting the needs of a specific audience, your letter should focus on the
needs of a specific employer. These needs or requirements are typically described in a job posting,
which can help you tailor your background to fit each opportunity. The quality and customization of
your writing will impress an employer and distinguish you from other candidates. Tempted to use a
generic letter? Consider this: Recruiters say they typically spend less than 30 seconds skimming a
candidate’s correspondence. Distinguish yourself with carefully crafted and compelling
communication.

Since recruitment is done online, you’ll most likely send your cover letter as an attachment,
preferably PDF. Your letter should be one page in length and maintain the same formality and
quality as if you were turning in an important term paper.

Address a specific person. A quick telephone call to an employer can help determine the name
and correct spelling of your recipient. If you can’t get this information, address the letter to "Dear
Hiring Manager" or "Dear Human Resource Manager." Another suggestion is to use a subject line in
place of the salutation (e.g., Application for Research Analyst Position). Avoid salutations such as
"Dear Sir," "Dear Madam," or "To Whom It May Concern." Do not use the term, Mrs., when
addressing a woman. There is no need to use a first name in the salutation: Dear Ms. Smith, not
Dear Mary Smith.

Keep it brief. A cover letter is intended to complement your resume, not repeat its content. Limit
the letter to one page.

Match yourself to the opportunity. Effective cover letters are accomplishment-oriented and
focus on specific skills and abilities. Avoid saying you’re “responsible” for a task or project; instead,
describe your results and connect them to the requirements of the position you’re applying for.

Demonstrate your interest. Show what you’ve learned about the employer and/or industry. This
is where your research and networking will pay off. Where appropriate, use the vocabulary of a
specific discipline or industry.


Write in your own style. You can adopt a conversational tone as long as your writing is flawless 
and grammatically correct. Avoid bland, overused statements such as "Enclosed please find my 
resume for your review" and “Please do not hesitate to call me.” Use active voice and powerful 
verbs for lively communication. 
Put yourself in the reader’s position. Focus on the reader by using the words "you" and “your.” 
(Avoid excessive use of “I” and “me.”Count the number of sentences that begin this way and edit 
accordingly.) Communicate what you can contribute to the reader’s organization, rather than what 
you expect to get. e.g., “I can communicate easily with your clients because I’m proficient in 
Spanish.” Not, “I hope to improve my Spanish skills by communicating with your clients.” 
Pay attention to detail. Employers value effective and careful communicators, and your writing 
skills are reflected in your cover letter. Grammar, spelling, or typographical errors will send you to 
the ‘discard’ pile. Ask an expert to proofread your letter for content, clarity, and correctness. 
First impressions count. The average employer receives thousands of letters annually from job 
applicants. Make yours visually appealing. 
 Use the same font as your resume. Keep it simple (e.g., Times New Roman, 12 point). 
 If you’re using a hard copy, print it on the same paper stock as your resume. White or cream 
color is preferable. 
 Sign a hard copy letter with blue or black ink. 
How do I follow-up after sending a letter? 
Unless an employer indicates otherwise, you may follow-up with a phone call or email within 5-10 
days of applying. Express your continued interest and inquire about the status of the hiring process 
or the recruiter’s timeline for filling the position. Rather than simply asking if your resume has been 
received, this approach is more apt to create a dialogue. 
Are there other types of letters used in job search? 
Most job search correspondence can be categorized as follows. 
1. Cover Letter: accompanies resume when applying for job or internship 
2. Thank you Notes: follow-up an interview or networking meeting 
3. Acceptance Letter: confirms acceptance of an offer 
4. Networking Email: requests career information or an informational interview (consult the 
Career Center Networking packet for sample emails) 


Sample Cover Letter Format 
Your Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
Current Date [4 returns] 
Name 
Title or Position 
Department 
Company 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip [2 returns] 
Dear Dr./Mr./Ms. Last Name: [2 returns] 
Why Them? Engage your reader. Beginnings are important. Remember: “You had me at ‘hello.” 
To hook your reader, avoid generic openings such as, “Enclosed please find my resume …” State your 
goal and the name of the position. Indicate how you heard of the opening, and if you have a referral 
from someone, mention that individual by name. Personalize the letter by expressing an interest in 
this particular employer and demonstrate that you’ve done some research about the organization. 
Why You? Sell yourself. Make the match between you and the position / organization. Be as 
specific as possible in addressing the requirements listed in the job posting. Regardless of your many 
valuable skills and traits, focus only on the ones the employer specified. Describe your most relevant 
qualifications and illustrate with examples. Show how your background and experience qualifies you 
for this job. 
What’s next? Close with enthusiasm. Restate your interest in the opportunity and an interview. 
You may indicate that you’ll call to follow-up (if you’re certain you will do this and if the employer has 
not specified “no calls”). Employers appreciate initiative and motivation. [2 returns] 
Sincerely, [4 returns] 
(Sign your name here) Optional [2 returns] 
Your typed name 
Skills: 
Knowledge: 
Experience: 
Why you? 
Why am I a good match for the position/employer? 
Have I made a connection between the employer’s 
needs and my talents? 
 You 
How do I meet these needs? 
Job/Internship Requirements 
What are the employer’s top needs? 
Your Street 
Your City, State, Zip 
DATE 
Mr./Ms First and Last Name 
Employer Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, 
I am eager to join your team at (Employer Name) in the role of (job title) which is posted on Tufts 
Career Connect. As an International Relations major with a passion for global cultures and a 
background working with youth, I look forward to using my education and experience to guide your 
student population. 
My first experience abroad was during high school. I studied in Latin America with a program similar 
to yours. This experience, in addition to family travel and a college semester in Madrid, has made me 
aware of the importance of cross-cultural learning and global understanding. In addition, my role as a 
tutor and camp counselor has trained me to work with young people of all ages. 
Your job description emphasizes the importance of collaboration, team work, and communication. 
These are qualities and skills that I have developed as a varsity tennis athlete, an ESL teacher in the local 
community, and a Student Assistant in the International Relations Department at Tufts. Each role 
involves widely varying populations and tasks that I manage and enjoy. Each one demands an ability to 
work effectively, both independently and as part of a team. I’m confident I can meet the demands of 
your position. 
Thank you for considering me for your team. I welcome your call or email at xxx.xxx.xxxx or first 
name. last name@sggswu. 
Sincerely, 
Your Name

Your Street 
Your City, State, Zip 
DATE 
Mr./Ms First and Last Name 
Employer Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, 
A senior at Tufts University earning a BS in Electrical Engineering, I am writing to apply for the 
position of (job title) at your (geographic) location. The areas of renewable energy engineering and 
efficiency interest me, and I believe my electrical engineering background will provide a helpful 
perspective on the energy challenges you’re facing. I admire (company name’s) commitment to track 
emissions and increase efficiency at all stages of production, and I am eager to be a part of the team that 
continues to drive these emissions lower. 
At Tufts, I have maintained a 3.89/4.0 GPA in both traditional and project-based classes. One project 
was a research study involving room temperature plasma deposition for the creation of low cost solar 
cells. It was this research that led to my interest in energy sustainability from an electrical engineering 
perspective. Through my other coursework and projects, I have developed strong engineering and 
mathematical skills, including the use of powerful tools such as MATLAB. I have worked on several 
team projects that have developed my group oriented skills, and I am well prepared to collaborate with 
interdisciplinary engineering teams. 
Thank you for your considering me for your (job title) position. I am reachable at (email address) and 
(phone). 
Sincerely, 
Your Name 

Your Street 
Your City, State, Zip 
DATE 
Mr./Ms First and Last Name 
Employer Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, 
While studying quantitative economics and mathematics at Tufts University, I have developed an 
interest in financial services. Learning more about the industry from Tufts alumni who work at 
(Employer Name) has encouraged me to pursue your analyst position posted on Tufts Career Connect. 
Based on my academic record, leadership experience, and work ethic, I offer you both the skills and 
attitude that would suit your position. 
I am confident the knowledge I have acquired throughout my studies at Tufts will prove beneficial at 
(Employer Name). I have thoroughly enjoyed and succeeded in my Statistics and Econometric Analysis 
classes. These courses have provided me with an understanding of statistical programs, such as STATA 
and Excel, and an even greater interest in financial services. The quantitative focus of my economics 
major requires acute attention to detail and has sharpened my analytical skills. 
Beyond the classroom, I have taken an active role in campus activities as a tour guide and orientation 
advisor for the past three years. These leadership roles have allowed me to interact with a diverse group 
of people. As a tour guide, I am continually building relationships with prospective students and their 
parents in order to demonstrate the value of their potential investment in a Tufts education. In addition, 
I have held increasingly responsible positions at YMCA Camp over the past five summers, requiring me 
to learn a new job each year. This environment of adapting to change, while continually taking on new 
responsibilities, is one in which I thrive. 
While serving as director of Hunger Project, a service group at Tufts, I learned the importance of 
focusing on details. I coordinated projects from beginning to end, which included scheduling dates with 
local shelters, recruiting volunteers, sending out reminders, and participating in the events. I pride 
myself on being organized and following through on every aspect of the job. 
Based on my knowledge of and interest in the financial services industry, ability to manage a wide array 
of tasks, and strong work ethic, I believe I can support you in the (job Title) position at your firm. I look 
forward to an opportunity to meet with you. In the meantime, thank you for your consideration. 
Sincerely, 
Your Name

Your Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
DATE 
Mr/Ms. First and Last Name 
Title 
Employer Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip 
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, 
As a Tufts University senior who has developed leadership and organizational skills while balancing 
academics and employment throughout my college career, I am applying for your paralegal position at (Law 
Firm). While engaged in diverse experiences including internships, community service, and campus 
employment, I have maintained a 3.5 GPA and demonstrated my ability to work effectively in teams of all 
kinds. 
In researching your firm and the role of paralegals, I have identified the skills and qualities that would 
contribute to success in supporting your attorneys. In particular, I note the importance of researching, 
organizing, note-taking, and proofreading. I have mastered these skills to succeed in my classes as well as in 
my internships. 
While studying in Madrid last year, I interned at an organization that promotes global democracy. Using my 
Spanish and English skills, I drafted press releases, conducted research, translated, and edited material to be 
read by former Heads of State as well as the general public. This experience demonstrates the close attention 
to detail required to assist attorneys with complicated issues from SEC filings to IRS communication. 
In my campus job, I have had the opportunity to develop and improve my leadership skills. As Student 
Manager of Tufts University Catering Services, I direct a team of student caterers who set up and serve 
meals at a wide range of events. For example, I’m in charge of a weekly Shabbat dinner which caters to 
upwards of 150 students. Though quite different than the law, food service is also a demanding industry 
where success depends on teamwork. I know this personally from my involvement for most of my life with 
my family’s restaurant business. Interacting with customers requires professional communication which I 
learned at a young age. 
In terms of the content that I would work with as a paralegal, I believe that I would be well prepared because 
of my extensive coursework in international relations, political science and economics, which has enabled 
me to develop strong research, writing, critical thinking and analytical skills. 
I am enthusiastic about pursuing a career in law and hope that you will consider my candidacy for your 
position. You may reach me at name.name@sggswu.edu or 000.000.0000. Thank you. 
Sincerely, 
Your Name 

Your Name 
Your Street Address 
City, State, Zip Code 
DATE 
Employer Name 
Street Address 
City, State, Zip Code 
Dear Hiring Team: 
I am eager to use my training as a Tufts University Clinical Psychology major to facilitate teamwork and 
communication among patients, families, and the medical care team at (employer Name). Through my health 
care internships, hospital volunteer service, and academic coursework, I have acquired skills that prepare me 
to contribute to your mission as a (job Title). 
Based on my understanding of this position and your organization, the following aspects of my background 
are most relevant: 
 Commitment to health care exemplified by my volunteer work at Lawrence Memorial Hospital and 
my active leadership with the Student Health Advisory Board to Tufts University Health Service 
 Strong communications skills learned through a curriculum focusing on psychotherapy and 
practiced in positions as diverse as an assistant group therapist with Massachusetts Mental Health 
and telephone fundraiser for Tufts University 
 Analytical thinking and problem solving skills cultivated as program coordinator for Tufts 
Freshmen Orientation Community Service, which involved matching ### students to volunteer 
positions throughout Greater Boston 
 Teamwork and collaboration skills demonstrated as a productive new member of an existing clinical 
team at both Massachusetts Mental Health and Lawrence Memorial Hospital 
As you seek a candidate who can quickly adapt and contribute to your compassionate treatment teams, I hope 
you will consider my credentials. You may contact me at (000) 000-0000 or name.name@sggswu.edu. Thank 
you for your consideration. 
Sincerely, 
Your Name
‘Thank You’ Email ~ Following Interview for Job or Internship

SUBJECT LINE: Interview Thanks & Follow-up

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name,

I enjoyed meeting you yesterday and learning more about your research and design work at (Company
Name). Thank for the opportunity to interview for your (job title) position. My conversations with you and
with the engineering team have confirmed my interest in the position as well as the company.

My chemical engineering education and internship experiences have prepared me for this role, and I am
eager to apply what I’ve learned to help with your upcoming projects. In particular, I’m interested in
(specific project or task) where my background in (fill in appropriately) could be helpful. I hope there will
be an opportunity to continue our discussions.

Sincerely,

Your Name


Letter of Acceptance

Your Street Address
City, State, Zip
DATE

First and Last Name
Title/Position
Employer Name
Street Address
City, State, Zip

Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name,

Thank you for your offer of employment as a (Job Title) with (Company Name). I am pleased to accept
your position as (Job Title) and I have enclosed the Employee Application that you requested.

To confirm my understanding of the offer, I am to begin work in the (location) office on (date), with annual
compensation of $00,000 plus benefits.

I look forward to joining (Company Name) and to making a solid contribution to your work.

Sincerely,

Your Signature

Your Name 
Checklist for Your Letter 
 
I tailored my letter to an individual employer, demonstrating through research that I understand the 
organization’s needs and how my skills and background match those needs. Note: This approach goes 
beyond copying and pasting a new company name into an old letter! 
 
I located an addressee name for my letter and verified the person’s gender. If I was unable to find the 
proper addressee, I used the suggestions on the first page of this packet to inform my writing. 
 
I proofread my letter several times (without relying on spell check!) and asked an expert to review my 
work. 
 
I prepared a PDF file of my complete application and followed the employer’s instructions for 
submitting the materials (e.g., use of a specific file name). 
 
 I developed a plan for organizing my applications and following up with employers. 


Posted by Unknown On 06:52

WHAT THIS HANDOUT IS ABOUT

This handout will help you write business letters required in many different situations, from applying for a job to requesting or delivering information. While the examples that are discussed specifically are the application letter and cover letter, this handout also highlights strategies for effective business writing in general.

PRINCIPLES TO KEEP IN MIND

Business writing is different

Writing for a business audience is usually quite different than writing in the humanities, social sciences, or other academic disciplines. Business writing strives to be crisp and succinct rather than evocative or creative; it stresses specificity and accuracy. This distinction does not make business writing superior or inferior to other styles. Rather, it reflects the unique purpose and considerations involved when writing in a business context.
When you write a business document, you must assume that your audience has limited time in which to read it and is likely to skim. Your readers have an interest in what you say insofar as it affects their working world. They want to know the “bottom line”: the point you are making about a situation or problem and how they should respond.
Business writing varies from the conversational style often found in email messages to the more formal, legalistic style found in contracts. A style between these two extremes is appropriate for the majority of memos, emails, and letters. Writing that is too formal can alienate readers, and an attempt to be overly casual may come across as insincere or unprofessional. In business writing, as in all writing, you must know your audience.
In most cases, the business letter will be the first impression that you make on someone. Though business writing has become less formal over time, you should still take great care that your letter’s content is clear and that you have proofread it carefully.

Pronouns and active versus passive voice

Personal pronouns (like Iwe, and you) are important in letters and memos. In such documents, it is perfectly appropriate to refer to yourself as I and to the reader asyou. Be careful, however, when you use the pronoun we in a business letter that is written on company stationery, since it commits your company to what you have written. When stating your opinion, use I; when presenting company policy, use we.
The best writers strive to achieve a style that is so clear that their messages cannot be misunderstood. One way to achieve a clear style is to minimize your use of the passive voice. Although the passive voice is sometimes necessary, often it not only makes your writing dull but also can be ambiguous or overly impersonal. Here’s an example of the same point stated in passive voice and in the active voice:
      PASSIVE: The net benefits of subsidiary divestiture were grossly overestimated.
      [Who did the overestimating?]
      ACTIVE: The Global Finance Team grossly overestimated the net benefits of subsidiary divestiture.
The second version is clearer and thus preferable.
Of course, there are exceptions to every rule. What if you are the head of the Global Finance Team? You may want to get your message across without calling excessive attention to the fact that the error was your team’s fault. The passive voice allows you to gloss over an unflattering point—but you should use it sparingly.

Focus and specificity

Business writing should be clear and concise. Take care, however, that your document does not turn out as an endless series of short, choppy sentences. Keep in mind also that “concise” does not have to mean “blunt”—you still need to think about your tone and the audience for whom you are writing. Consider the following examples:
      After carefully reviewing this proposal, we have decided to prioritize other projects this quarter.
      Nobody liked your project idea, so we are not going to give you any funding.
The first version is a weaker statement, emphasizing facts not directly relevant to its point. The second version provides the information in a simple and direct manner. But you don’t need to be an expert on style to know that the first phrasing is diplomatic and respectful (even though it’s less concise) as compared with the second version, which is unnecessarily harsh and likely to provoke a negative reaction.

Business letters: where to begin

Reread the description of your task (for example, the advertisement of a job opening, instructions for a proposal submission, or assignment prompt for a course). Think about your purpose and what requirements are mentioned or implied in the description of the task. List these requirements. This list can serve as an outline to govern your writing and help you stay focused, so try to make it thorough. Next, identify qualifications, attributes, objectives, or answers that match the requirements you have just listed. Strive to be exact and specific, avoiding vagueness, ambiguity, and platitudes. If there are industry- or field-specific concepts or terminology that are relevant to the task at hand, use them in a manner that will convey your competence and experience. Avoid any language that your audience may not understand. Your finished piece of writing should indicate how you meet the requirements you’ve listed and answer any questions raised in the description or prompt.

APPLICATION LETTERS AND COVER LETTERS

Many people believe that application letters and cover letters are essentially the same. For purposes of this handout, though, these kinds of letters are different. The letter of application is a sales letter in which you market your skills, abilities, and knowledge. A cover letter, on the other hand, is primarily a document of transmittal. It identifies an item being sent, the person to whom it is being sent, and the reason for its being sent, and provides a permanent record of the transmittal for both the writer and the reader.

APPLICATION LETTERS

When writing an application letter, remember that you probably have competition. Your audience is a professional who screens and hires job applicants—someone who may look through dozens or even hundreds of other applications on the day she receives yours. The immediate objective of your application letter and accompanying resume is to attract this person’s attention. Your ultimate goal is to obtain an interview.
As you write your application letter, be sure you complete three tasks: catch the reader’s attention favorably, convince the reader that you are a qualified candidate for the job, and request an interview.
Application letter checklist:
  • Identify the job by title and let the recipient know how you heard about it.
  • Summarize your qualifications for the job, specifically your work experience, activities that show your leadership skills, and your educational background.
  • Refer the reader to your enclosed resume.
  • Ask for an interview, stating where you can be reached and when you will be available. If your prospective employer is located in another city and you plan to visit the area, mention the dates for your trip.
  • If you are applying for a specific job, include any information pertinent to the position that is not included in your resume.
To save your reader time and to call attention to your strengths as a candidate, state your objective directly at the beginning of the letter.
      Example:I am seeking a position as a manager in your Data Center. In such a management position, I can use my master’s degree in information systems and my experience as a programmer/analyst to address business challenges in data processing.
If you have been referred to a company by one of its employees, a career counselor, a professor, or someone else, mention that before stating your job objective.
      Example:During the recent ARRGH convention in Washington, D.C., one of your sales representatives, Dusty Brown, informed me of a possible opening for a manager in your Data Center. My extensive background in programming and my master’s degree in information systems make me highly qualified for the position.
In subsequent paragraphs, expand on the qualifications you mentioned in your opening. Add any appropriate details, highlighting experience listed on your resume that is especially pertinent to the job you are seeking. Close with a request for an interview. Proofread your letter carefully.
Two sample letters of application are presented below. The first letter (Sample #1) is by a recent college graduate responding to a local newspaper article about the company’s plan to build a new computer center. The writer is not applying for a specific job opening but describes the position he seeks. The second letter (Sample #2) is from a college senior who does not specify where she learned of the opening because she is uncertain whether a position is available.
6123 Farrington Road
Apt. B11
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
January 11, 2005
Taylor, Inc.
694 Rockstar Lane
Durham, NC 27708
Dear Human Resources Director:
I just read an article in the News and Observer about Taylor’s new computer center just north of Durham. I would like to apply for a position as an entry-level programmer at the center.
I understand that Taylor produces both in-house and customer documentation. My technical writing skills, as described in the enclosed resume, are well suited to your company. I am a recent graduate of DeVry Institute of Technology in Atlanta with an Associate’s Degree in Computer Science. In addition to having taken a broad range of courses, I served as a computer consultant at the college’s computer center where I helped train users to work with new systems.
I will be happy to meet with you at your convenience and discuss how my education and experience match your needs. You can reach me at my home address, at (919) 233-1552, or at krock@devry.alumni.edu.

Sincerely,
Raymond Krock

Sample #2

6123 Farrington Road
Apt. G11
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
January 11, 2005
Taylor, Inc.
694 Rockstar Lane
Durham, NC 27708
Dear Ms. Jones:
I am seeking a position in your engineering department where I may use my training in computer sciences to solve Taylor’s engineering problems. I would like to be a part of the department that developed the Internet Selection System but am unsure whether you have a current opening.
I expect to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering from North Carolina State University in June and by that time will have completed the Computer Systems Engineering Program. Since September 2000, I have been participating, through the University, in the Professional Training Program at Computer Systems International in Raleigh. In the program I was assigned to several staff sections as an apprentice. Most recently, I have been a programmer trainee in the Engineering Department and have gained a great deal of experience in computer applications. Details of the academic courses I have taken are included in the enclosed resume.
If there is a position open at Taylor Inc., please let me know whom I should contact for further information. I look forward to hearing from you soon. I may be reached at my office(919-866-4000 ext. 232) or via email (Brock@aol.com).
Sincerely,
Rebecca Brock

COVER LETTERS

As mentioned previously, application letters and cover letters are not the same. A cover letter identifies an item being sent, the person to whom it is being sent, and the reason for its being sent. A cover letter provides a permanent record of the transmittal for both the writer and the reader.
In a cover letter, keep your remarks brief. Your opening should explain what you are sending and why. In an optional second paragraph, you might include a summary of the information you are sending. A letter accompanying a proposal, for example, might point out sections in the proposal that might be of particular interest to the reader. The letter could then go on to present a key point or two explaining why the writer’s firm is the best one for the job. The closing paragraph should contain acknowledgements, offer additional assistance, or express the hope that the material will fulfill its purpose.
The following are examples of cover letters. The first letter (Sample #1) is brief and to the point. The second letter (Sample #2) is slightly more detailed because it touches on the manner in which the information was gathered.

Sample #1

Your Company Logo and Contact Information
January 11, 2005
Brian Eno, Chief Engineer
Carolina Chemical Products
3434 Pond View Lane
Durham, NC 27708
Dear Mr. Eno:
Enclosed is the final report on our installment of pollution control equipment at Eastern Chemical Company, which we send with Eastern’s Permission. Please call me collect (ext. 1206) or email me at the address below if I can answer any questions.

Sincerely,
Nora Cassidy
Technical Services Manager
ncassidy@company.com
Enclosure: Report

Sample #2

Your Company Logo and Contact Information
January 11, 2005
Brian Eno, Chief Engineer
Ecology Systems, Inc.
8458 Obstructed View Lane
Durham, NC 27708
Dear Mr. Eno:
Enclosed is the report estimating our power consumption for the year as requested by John Brenan, Vice President, on September 4.
The report is the result of several meetings with Jamie Anson, Manager of Plant Operations, and her staff and an extensive survey of all our employees. The survey was delayed by the transfer of key staff in Building A. We believe, however, that the report will provide the information you need to furnish us with a cost estimate for the installation of your Mark II Energy Saving System.
We would like to thank Billy Budd of ESI for his assistance in preparing the survey. If you need more information, please let me know.
Sincerely,
Nora Cassidy
New Projects Office
ncassidy@company.com
Enclosure: Report